A Prospective View of Oral and Dental Examination and Dental Diseases in Horses in İzmit and Karacabey Pension Hara of Turkey Jockey Club
Öz
This study, the aim was to prospectively examine the oral cavities and teeth of 300 horses of various age groups housed at the İzmit and Karacabey Pension Hara of the Turkish Jockey Club, focusing on dental disorders and dental diseases. Within the scope of the study, the oral cavities of the examined 300 horses were inspected, including the color of the oral mucosa, their appetite, whether they finished their feed, body condition scores, the type of feed they were fed, and whether salivation occurred during feeding. Following clinical examinations of the 300 horses, endoscopic and radiological examinations were performed, revealing dental disease and disorders, particularly in the molar teeth, in 59 horses. Among the group of 59 horses, consisting of stallions, broodmares, and yearlings aged 7-25 years, tooth extraction of deciduous teeth, tooth displacement, mobile teeth, caries, sharp-edged teeth, odontoclastic tooth resorption, and conditions such as equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH), fistula formation, gum abscess, gingivitis, and periodontitis were identified. Clinically, 54 out of 59 horses had their molar teeth rasped to correct sharp edges, resulting in the normalization of chewing movements and the ability of horses to consume their feed comfortably. Following treatment, the horses were monitored, and efforts were made to improve their nutrition and body condition scores. This study emphasizes the significance of oral health in horses and the impact of regular dental care on their overall well-being.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
This study was supported by Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Unit with the project numbered TDK-2014-4298-.
Kaynakça
- Baker GJ, 1979: A study of equine dental disease. PhD Thesis, University of Glasgow.
- Barone R, 1997: Anatomie comparée des mammifères domestiques. Tome 3rd ed., Paris, Vigot.
- Bonin SJ, 2001: Three dimensional kinematics of the equine temporalmandibular joint. MS Thesis, Michigan State University.
- Brigham EJ, Duncanson G, 2000: An equine post-mortem study: 50 cases. Equine Vet J, 12, 59-62.
- Buonavoglia A, Leone P, Solimando AG, Fasano R, Malerba E, Prete M, Corrente M, Prati C, Vacca A, Racanelli V, 2021: Antibiotics or No Antibiotics, That Is the Question: An Update on Efficient and Effective Use of Antibiotics in Dental Practice. Antibiotics, 10, 550.
- Colyer F, 1931: Abnormal Conditions of the Teeth of Animals in Their Relationship to Similar Conditions in Man. London: The Dental Board of the United Kingdom, 38-43.
- de Melo UP, Ferreira C, 2023: Dental and oral cavity alterations in Quarter Horses of Vaquejada: retrospective study of 416 cases (2012-2022). Braz J Vet Med, 5, 45, e000323.
- Dixon PM, Dacre I, 2005: A review of equine dental disorders. TVJ, 169 (2), 165-187.
- Dixon PM, Tremaine WH, Pickles K, Kuhns L, Hawe C, McCann J, McGorum BC, Railton DI, Brammer S, 1999: Equine dental disease part 2: a long-term study of 400 cases: disorders of development and eruption and variations in position of the cheek teeth. Equine Vet J, 31 (6), 519-528.
- Dixon PM, Tremaine WH, Pickles K, 2000: Equine dental disease Part 3: a long term study of 400 cases: disorders of wear, traumatic damage and idiopathic fractures, tumors and miscellaneous disorders of the cheek teeth. Equine Vet J, 32 (1), 9-18.
- Easley J, 2009: Dentistry and oral disease. In: Large animal internal medicine 4th ed. In: Smith BP (Ed), 677-686, St. Louis, Mosby Inc.
- Górski K, Stefanik E, Turek B, Bereznowski A, Czopowicz M, Polkowska I, Domino M, 2022: Malocclusions and Dental Diseases in Privately Owned Horses in the Mazovia Region of Poland. Animals, 12 (22), 3120.
- Hain AM, Þórisdóttir SL, Tretow M, Bienert-Zeit A, 2023: Potential impact of natural conditions on the rostral oral health: a study of horses in Iceland. JAVMA, 261 (S2), 108-113.
- Hayward AF, 1981: Human tissue: Pulp. In: Dental Anatomy and Embryology, Osborn JW (Ed) 187-190, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
- Hiiemae KM, 1978: Mammalian mastication: a review of the activity of the jaw muscles and the movements they produce in chewing. In: Development, Function and Evolution of Teet, Butler PM, Joysey KA (Ed), 359-398, Academic Press, London.
- Huidekoper RS, 1891: Age of Domestic Animals. Philadelphia, London.
- Jasiński T, Turek B, Kaczorowski M, Brehm W, Skierbiszewska K, Domino M, 2025: Equine temporomandibular joint diseases: A systematic review. Equine Vet J, 1-19.
- Kennedy RS, Dixon PM, 2018: The aetiopathogenesis of equine periodontal disease-a fresh perspective. Equine Vet Educ, 30, 161-168.
- Kilic S, Dixon PM, Kempson AS, 1997: Gross and Ultrastructural Examinations of Equine Infundibular Cement and Infundibular Necrosis Caries in Horses. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 21 (4), 323-330.
- Kirkland KD, Maretta SM, Inoue OJ, Baker GJ, 1994: Survey of equine dental disease and associated oral pathology. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, pp. 119-120.
- Leue G, 1941: Beziehungen zwischen Zahnanomalien und Verdauungsstörungen beim Pferde unter Heranziehung von Kaubildern. Veterinary Medicine thesis, Hanover.
- Muylle S, Simoens P, Verbeeck R, Ysebaert MT, Lauwers H, 1998: Dental wear related to the microhardness of enamel and dentine. Vet Rec, 144 (11), 558-561.
- O'neill HVM, Keen J, Dumbell LA, 2010: Comparison of the occurrence of common dental abnormalities in stabled and free-grazing horses. Animal, 4 (10), 1697-1701.
- Ramzan PHL, Dixon PM, Kempson SA, 2001: Dental dysplasia and oligodontia in a Thoroughbred colt. Equine Vet J, 33: 99-104.
- Smith R, Pinchbeck G, McGowan C, Ireland J, Perkins E, 2024: Challenges for the veterinary profession: A grounded theory study of veterinarians' experiences of caring for older horses. Equine Vet J, 1-12.
- Richardson JD, Cripps PJ, Hillyer MH, O’Brien JK, Pinsent PJ, Lane JG, 1995: An evaluation of the accuracy of ageing horses by their dentition: a matter of experience? Vet Rec, 137 (5), 117-121.
- Richardson JD, Lane JG, Waldron KR, 1994: Is dentition an accurate indication of the age of a horse? Vet Rec, 135: 31-34.
- Samad L, Tavanaeimanesh H, Mehr Azin H, Moadab SH, Vajhi AR, 2020: Clinical dental finding in Iranian horses. Vet Med Sci, 6 (4), 679-685.
- Simhofer H, Griss R, Zetner K, 2008: The use of oral endoscopy for detection of cheek teeth abnormalities in 300 horses. Vet J, 178 (3), 396-404.
- Ten Cate AR, 1998: Physiologic tooth movement, eruption and shedding In: Oral Histology, Development, Structure and Function, Ten Cate AR, Mosby CV, Louis ST (Ed), 289-314, Elsevier, Canada.
- Torneck CD, 1994: Dentin-pulp complex. In: Oral Histology, Torneck CD (Ed), 169-213, St Louis, Mosby.
- Traub-Dargatz JL, Salman MD, Voss JL, 1991: Medical problems of adult horses, as ranked by equine practitioners. JAVMA, 198, 1745-1747.
- Wafa NS, 1988: A study of dental disease in the horse. Master of Veterinary Medicine, National University of Ireland, University College Dublin.
- Weijs WA, Dantuma R, 1975: Electromyography and mechanics of mastication in the albino rat. J Morphol, 146 (1), 1-34.
Türkiye Jokey Kulübü İzmit ve Karacabey Pansiyon Hara Müdürlüklerinde Bulunan Atlarda Ağız Diş Muayenesi ve Diş Hastalıklarına Prospektif Bir Bakış
Öz
Atlarda diş hastalıkları veteriner hekimlik açısından oldukça önemlidir. Ancak Ülkemizde yakın zamana kadar oldukça ihmal edilmiştir, birçok atın teşhis edilmemiş, ağrılı diş hastalıklarından muzdarip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ağız padanı(spekulum) kullanılarak yapılan detaylı klinik muayenede, ön koşul tüm dişlerin muayenesini gerçekleştirmektir. Bu tez çalışmasında Türkiye Jokey Kulübünün İzmit ve Karacabey Pansiyon Hara Müdürlüklerinde 2012-2013 yıllarında barınmakta olan çeşitli yaş gruplarındaki 300 atın ağız boşluğu ve dişleri muayene edilerek, diş bozuklukları ve diş hastalıkları yönünden incelenerek prospektif olarak ele alınması amaçlandı. Çalışma kapsamında muayene edilen 300 atın nabız, vücut sıcaklığı, solunum sayısı ve kalp atım sayısı gibi hayati fonksiyonları not edildi. Ayrıca tüm atların ağız boşluğu muayene edilerek; ağız mukozasının rengi, iştahları, yemlerini bitirip bitirmedikleri, vücut kondüsyon skorları (VKS), hangi tür yemle beslendikleri, ağızlarından yem tüketimi sırasında salivasyon olup olmadığına bakıldı. Bunların yanısıra yem tüketimiyle ilişkili olarak herhangi bir sağlık sorunu geçirip geçirmedikleri araştırıldı. Klinik olarak muayenesi yapılan 300 atın endoskopik ve radyolojik olarak da muayenelerinin yapılmasından sonra 59 atta özellikle molar dişlerde (MD) diş hastalığı ve diş bozukluğu olduğu tespit edildi. 59 adet at grubunu oluşturan, 7-25 yaş aralığındaki damızlık aygır, kısraklar ve 1 yaşlı taylarda; süt dişi çekimi, dişlerde yer değiştirme, mobil dişler, karies, keskin kenarlı dişler, odontoklastik diş rezorpsiyonu ve hipersementozis (EOTRH), fistül oluşumu, diş eti apsesi, gingivitis ve periodontitis tespit edildi. Diş hastalıkları ve diş bozukluklarının modern teknikler kullanılarak tedavi edilmeleri sağlandı. Özellikle beşeri diş hekimliğinde Ülkemizde kullanılan dolgu materyallaleri denendi ancak ağız boşluğunun aşırı ıslak oluşu ve atların kuvvetli çiğneme haretketleri nedeni ile bir başarı elde edilemedi. Karies olgularında diş çekiminde, gingivitis ve periodontitis vakalarında dişler başarıyla tedavi edildi. Klinik olarak ele alınan 59 attan 54’ ünün MD’ i törpülenerek dişlerin keskin kenarları düzeltilerek atların çiğneme hareketlerinin normale döndüğü ve yemlerinin tamamını rahatlıkla tüketebildikleri görüldü. Tedavi sonrası atlar takip edilerek beslenmelerinin ve VKS’ nın yükseltilmesi sağlandı.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Baker GJ, 1979: A study of equine dental disease. PhD Thesis, University of Glasgow.
- Barone R, 1997: Anatomie comparée des mammifères domestiques. Tome 3rd ed., Paris, Vigot.
- Bonin SJ, 2001: Three dimensional kinematics of the equine temporalmandibular joint. MS Thesis, Michigan State University.
- Brigham EJ, Duncanson G, 2000: An equine post-mortem study: 50 cases. Equine Vet J, 12, 59-62.
- Buonavoglia A, Leone P, Solimando AG, Fasano R, Malerba E, Prete M, Corrente M, Prati C, Vacca A, Racanelli V, 2021: Antibiotics or No Antibiotics, That Is the Question: An Update on Efficient and Effective Use of Antibiotics in Dental Practice. Antibiotics, 10, 550.
- Colyer F, 1931: Abnormal Conditions of the Teeth of Animals in Their Relationship to Similar Conditions in Man. London: The Dental Board of the United Kingdom, 38-43.
- de Melo UP, Ferreira C, 2023: Dental and oral cavity alterations in Quarter Horses of Vaquejada: retrospective study of 416 cases (2012-2022). Braz J Vet Med, 5, 45, e000323.
- Dixon PM, Dacre I, 2005: A review of equine dental disorders. TVJ, 169 (2), 165-187.
- Dixon PM, Tremaine WH, Pickles K, Kuhns L, Hawe C, McCann J, McGorum BC, Railton DI, Brammer S, 1999: Equine dental disease part 2: a long-term study of 400 cases: disorders of development and eruption and variations in position of the cheek teeth. Equine Vet J, 31 (6), 519-528.
- Dixon PM, Tremaine WH, Pickles K, 2000: Equine dental disease Part 3: a long term study of 400 cases: disorders of wear, traumatic damage and idiopathic fractures, tumors and miscellaneous disorders of the cheek teeth. Equine Vet J, 32 (1), 9-18.
- Easley J, 2009: Dentistry and oral disease. In: Large animal internal medicine 4th ed. In: Smith BP (Ed), 677-686, St. Louis, Mosby Inc.
- Górski K, Stefanik E, Turek B, Bereznowski A, Czopowicz M, Polkowska I, Domino M, 2022: Malocclusions and Dental Diseases in Privately Owned Horses in the Mazovia Region of Poland. Animals, 12 (22), 3120.
- Hain AM, Þórisdóttir SL, Tretow M, Bienert-Zeit A, 2023: Potential impact of natural conditions on the rostral oral health: a study of horses in Iceland. JAVMA, 261 (S2), 108-113.
- Hayward AF, 1981: Human tissue: Pulp. In: Dental Anatomy and Embryology, Osborn JW (Ed) 187-190, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
- Hiiemae KM, 1978: Mammalian mastication: a review of the activity of the jaw muscles and the movements they produce in chewing. In: Development, Function and Evolution of Teet, Butler PM, Joysey KA (Ed), 359-398, Academic Press, London.
- Huidekoper RS, 1891: Age of Domestic Animals. Philadelphia, London.
- Jasiński T, Turek B, Kaczorowski M, Brehm W, Skierbiszewska K, Domino M, 2025: Equine temporomandibular joint diseases: A systematic review. Equine Vet J, 1-19.
- Kennedy RS, Dixon PM, 2018: The aetiopathogenesis of equine periodontal disease-a fresh perspective. Equine Vet Educ, 30, 161-168.
- Kilic S, Dixon PM, Kempson AS, 1997: Gross and Ultrastructural Examinations of Equine Infundibular Cement and Infundibular Necrosis Caries in Horses. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 21 (4), 323-330.
- Kirkland KD, Maretta SM, Inoue OJ, Baker GJ, 1994: Survey of equine dental disease and associated oral pathology. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, pp. 119-120.
- Leue G, 1941: Beziehungen zwischen Zahnanomalien und Verdauungsstörungen beim Pferde unter Heranziehung von Kaubildern. Veterinary Medicine thesis, Hanover.
- Muylle S, Simoens P, Verbeeck R, Ysebaert MT, Lauwers H, 1998: Dental wear related to the microhardness of enamel and dentine. Vet Rec, 144 (11), 558-561.
- O'neill HVM, Keen J, Dumbell LA, 2010: Comparison of the occurrence of common dental abnormalities in stabled and free-grazing horses. Animal, 4 (10), 1697-1701.
- Ramzan PHL, Dixon PM, Kempson SA, 2001: Dental dysplasia and oligodontia in a Thoroughbred colt. Equine Vet J, 33: 99-104.
- Smith R, Pinchbeck G, McGowan C, Ireland J, Perkins E, 2024: Challenges for the veterinary profession: A grounded theory study of veterinarians' experiences of caring for older horses. Equine Vet J, 1-12.
- Richardson JD, Cripps PJ, Hillyer MH, O’Brien JK, Pinsent PJ, Lane JG, 1995: An evaluation of the accuracy of ageing horses by their dentition: a matter of experience? Vet Rec, 137 (5), 117-121.
- Richardson JD, Lane JG, Waldron KR, 1994: Is dentition an accurate indication of the age of a horse? Vet Rec, 135: 31-34.
- Samad L, Tavanaeimanesh H, Mehr Azin H, Moadab SH, Vajhi AR, 2020: Clinical dental finding in Iranian horses. Vet Med Sci, 6 (4), 679-685.
- Simhofer H, Griss R, Zetner K, 2008: The use of oral endoscopy for detection of cheek teeth abnormalities in 300 horses. Vet J, 178 (3), 396-404.
- Ten Cate AR, 1998: Physiologic tooth movement, eruption and shedding In: Oral Histology, Development, Structure and Function, Ten Cate AR, Mosby CV, Louis ST (Ed), 289-314, Elsevier, Canada.
- Torneck CD, 1994: Dentin-pulp complex. In: Oral Histology, Torneck CD (Ed), 169-213, St Louis, Mosby.
- Traub-Dargatz JL, Salman MD, Voss JL, 1991: Medical problems of adult horses, as ranked by equine practitioners. JAVMA, 198, 1745-1747.
- Wafa NS, 1988: A study of dental disease in the horse. Master of Veterinary Medicine, National University of Ireland, University College Dublin.
- Weijs WA, Dantuma R, 1975: Electromyography and mechanics of mastication in the albino rat. J Morphol, 146 (1), 1-34.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Araştıma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 19 Haziran 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 27 Mart 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 20 Mayıs 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1 |
