Öz
Melatonin implants have gained attention as an effective and reversible method for estrus suppression in female cats. As seasonally polyestrous animals, cats exhibit cyclic reproductive behavior influenced by photoperiod, with melatonin playing a crucial role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Subcutaneous melatonin implants mimic short daylight conditions, leading to a temporary suppression of ovarian activity and estrus-related behaviors. Studies have demonstrated that melatonin implants extend the interest interest interval for 2–4 months with minimal adverse effects. However, variations in estrus suppression duration and occasional induction of ovulation and pseudopregnancy highlight individual variability in response to treatment. Compared to traditional hormonal contraceptives, melatonin offers a safer alternative without the severe side effects associated with progestins and androgens. Despite these advantages, concerns regarding application challenges, cost, and temporary efficacy persist. Further research is needed to refine dosage protocols, evaluate long-term effects, and address individual response differences. Melatonin implants represent a promising tool for feline reproductive management, particularly for cat breeders and owners seeking a non-surgical alternative to sterilization.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Melatonin estrus suppression feline reproduction contraceptive implant reproductive cycle non-surgical contraception
Kaynakça
- Abecia JA, Forcada F, Vázquez MI, Muiño-Blanco T, Cebrián-Pérez JA, 2019: Role of melatonin on embryo viability in sheep. Reprod. Fertil. Dev, 31 (1), 82-92.
- Al-Hamedawi TM, Mohammed AH, Al-Yasiri EA, Athab ML, 2020: Comparative study between melatonin hormone and vaginal sponges plus ECG on effect of fertility in lactating Iraqi nuaimy ewes. Plant Arch, 20 (2), 5640-5642.
- AL-Shammary SM, Al-Yasiri EA, 2023: Effect of melatonin implants on sexual behavior and testosterone in Awassi Rams. Diyala J Vet Sci, 1 (2), 38–45.
- Arendt J, Aulinas A, 2000: Physiology of the pineal gland and melatonin. In: Endotext, Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, Boyce A, Chrousos G, Corpas E, de Herder WW, Dhatariya K, Dungan K, Hofland J, et al. (Eds), MDText.com, Inc., South Dartmouth, MA, USA. Available online at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK550972/Baker JR, Ranson RM, 1932: Factors affecting the breeding of the field mouse (Microtus agrestis). Part I.—Light. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol Sci, 110 (767), 313-322.
- Cassone WM, 1990: Effects of melatonin on vertebrate circadian systems. Trends Neurosci. 13, 457-463.
- Durán Frías D, 2021: Melatonin implants as a contraceptive in domestic cat. Fontaine E, 2021: Non-surgical contraception in cats: what is new? Rev Bras Reprod Anim, 45 (4), 236–240.
- Faya M, Carranza A, Priotto M, et al., 2011: Long-term melatonin treatment prolongs interestrus, but does not delay puberty, in domestic cats. Theriogenology, 75, 1750–1754.
- Furthner E, Roos J, Niewiadomska Z, et al., 2020: Contraceptive implants used by cat breeders in France: a study of 140 purebred cats. J Feline Med Surg, 22, 984–992.
- Gimenez F, Storneli MC, Tittareli CM, et al., 2009: Suppression of estrus in cats with melatonin implants. Theriogenology, 72, 493–499.
- Goericke-Pesch S, 2010: Reproduction control in cats: new developments in non-surgical methods. J Feline Med. Surg, 12 (7), 539-546.
- Graham LH, Swanson WF, Wildt DE, Brown JL, 2004: Influence of oral melatonin on natural and gonadotropin-induced ovarian function in the domestic cat. Theriogenology, 61 (6), 1061-1076.
- Griffin B, Heath AM, Young DW, et al., 2001: Effects of melatonin implants on ovarian function in the domestic cat [abstract]. Proc 19th Am Coll Vet Intern Med Forum, Denver, CO, USA, 843.
- Gulyuz F, Tasal I, Uslu BA, 2009: Effects of melatonin on the onset of ovarian activity in Turkish Van cats. J Anim Vet Adv, 8, 2033–2037.
- Howe LM, 2006: Surgical methods of contraception and sterilization. Theriogenology, 66, 500-509.
- Johnston SD, Root Kustritz MV, Olson PNS, 2001: Prevention and termination of feline pregnancy. In: Johnston SD, Root Kustritz MV, Olson PNS (Eds), Canine and Feline Theriogenology, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 447-452.
- Kassim WY, Al-Rishdy KA, Al-Helou MF, 2019: The impact of melatonin administration on the fertility performance and several relating parameters during the breeding season in the Arabi ewes. Iraqi J Vet Med, 33 (2), 461–468.
- Kutzler M, Wood A, 2006: Non-surgical methods of contraception and sterilization. Theriogenology, 66 (3), 514-525.
- Kutzler MA, 2007: Estrus induction and synchronization in canids and felids. Theriogenology, 68 (3), 354-374.
- Kutzler MA, 2015: Alternative methods for feline fertility control: Use of melatonin to suppress reproduction. J Feline Med Surg, 17 (9), 753-757.
- Leyva H, Addiego L, Stabenfeldt G, 1984: The effect of different photoperiods on plasma concentrations of melatonin, prolactin and cortisol in the domestic cat. Endocrinology, 115, 1729–1736.
- Leyva H, Madley T, Stabenfeldt GH, 1989: Effect of light manipulation on ovarian activity and melatonin and prolactin secretion in the domestic cat. J Reprod Fertil Suppl, 39, 125–133.
- Munson L, Bauman JE, Asa CS, Jochle W, Trigg TE, 2001: Efficacy of the GnRH analogue deslorelin for suppression of oestrus cycles in cats. J Reprod Fertil Suppl, 57, 269-273.
- Romagnoli S, Concannon PW, 2003: Clinical use of progestins in bitches and queens: a review. Recent Adv. Small Anim. Reprod. Available at: http://www.ivis.org/search/recent.asp?LA=8. June 9th 2009.
- Romagnoli S, Ferre-Dolcet L, 2022: Reversible control of reproduction in queens: mastering the use of reproductive drugs to manipulate cyclicity. J Feline Med. Surg, 24 (9), 853-870.
- Schäfer-Somi S, 2017: Effect of melatonin on the reproductive cycle in female cats: a review of clinical experiences and previous studies. J Feline Med Surg, 19 (1), 5-12.
- Shi L, Li N, Bo L, Xu Z, 2013: Melatonin and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Curr Med Chem, 20 (15), 2017-2031.
- Tamada H, Kawate N, Inaba T, Sawada T, 2003: Long-term prevention of estrus in the bitch and queen using chlormadinone acetate. Can Vet J, 44, 416-417.
- Verstegen J, 2000: Contraception and pregnancy termination. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC (Eds), Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 5th ed., WB Saunders, 1585-1598.
- Wehr TA, 1997: Melatonin and seasonal rhythms. J Biol Rhythm, 12, 518-527.
Öz
Melatonin implantları, dişi kedilerde östrus baskılanması için etkili ve geri döndürülebilir bir yöntem olarak kullanılmaktadır. Mevsimsel poliöstrik hayvanlar olan kediler, üreme döngülerini ışık periyoduna bağlı olarak düzenler ve bu süreçte melatonin, hipotalamik-hipofizer-gonadal aksın kontrolünde kritik bir rol oynar. Subkutan melatonin implantları, kısa gün uzunluğu koşullarını taklit ederek ovaryum aktivitesinin ve östrusla ilişkili davranışların geçici olarak baskılanmasını sağlar. Yapılan çalışmalar, melatonin implantlarının interöstrus aralığını 2–4 ay boyunca uzattığını ve minimal yan etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, östrus baskılanma süresinde görülen bireysel farklılıklar ve bazen ovulasyon ile psödogebelik oluşumu, değişken bireysel yanıtları ortaya koymaktadır. Geleneksel hormonal kontraseptiflerle karşılaştırıldığında, melatonin, progestinler ve androjenlerle ilişkili ciddi yan etkiler olmadan daha güvenli bir alternatif sunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, uygulama zorlukları, maliyet ve geçici etkililik gibi konular endişe yaratmaktadır. Melatonin dozaj protokollerinin iyileştirilmesi, uzun vadeli etkilerin değerlendirilmesi ve bireysel yanıt farklılıklarının ele alınması için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Melatonin implantları, özellikle cerrahi sterilizasyona alternatif arayan kedi yetiştiricileri ve sahipleri için umut vadeden bir üreme yönetimi aracı olarak öne çıkmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Melatonin östrus baskılanması kedi üremesi kontraseptif implant reprodüktif döngü cerrahi olmayan kontrasepsiyon ovaryum aktivitesi
Kaynakça
- Abecia JA, Forcada F, Vázquez MI, Muiño-Blanco T, Cebrián-Pérez JA, 2019: Role of melatonin on embryo viability in sheep. Reprod. Fertil. Dev, 31 (1), 82-92.
- Al-Hamedawi TM, Mohammed AH, Al-Yasiri EA, Athab ML, 2020: Comparative study between melatonin hormone and vaginal sponges plus ECG on effect of fertility in lactating Iraqi nuaimy ewes. Plant Arch, 20 (2), 5640-5642.
- AL-Shammary SM, Al-Yasiri EA, 2023: Effect of melatonin implants on sexual behavior and testosterone in Awassi Rams. Diyala J Vet Sci, 1 (2), 38–45.
- Arendt J, Aulinas A, 2000: Physiology of the pineal gland and melatonin. In: Endotext, Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, Boyce A, Chrousos G, Corpas E, de Herder WW, Dhatariya K, Dungan K, Hofland J, et al. (Eds), MDText.com, Inc., South Dartmouth, MA, USA. Available online at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK550972/Baker JR, Ranson RM, 1932: Factors affecting the breeding of the field mouse (Microtus agrestis). Part I.—Light. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol Sci, 110 (767), 313-322.
- Cassone WM, 1990: Effects of melatonin on vertebrate circadian systems. Trends Neurosci. 13, 457-463.
- Durán Frías D, 2021: Melatonin implants as a contraceptive in domestic cat. Fontaine E, 2021: Non-surgical contraception in cats: what is new? Rev Bras Reprod Anim, 45 (4), 236–240.
- Faya M, Carranza A, Priotto M, et al., 2011: Long-term melatonin treatment prolongs interestrus, but does not delay puberty, in domestic cats. Theriogenology, 75, 1750–1754.
- Furthner E, Roos J, Niewiadomska Z, et al., 2020: Contraceptive implants used by cat breeders in France: a study of 140 purebred cats. J Feline Med Surg, 22, 984–992.
- Gimenez F, Storneli MC, Tittareli CM, et al., 2009: Suppression of estrus in cats with melatonin implants. Theriogenology, 72, 493–499.
- Goericke-Pesch S, 2010: Reproduction control in cats: new developments in non-surgical methods. J Feline Med. Surg, 12 (7), 539-546.
- Graham LH, Swanson WF, Wildt DE, Brown JL, 2004: Influence of oral melatonin on natural and gonadotropin-induced ovarian function in the domestic cat. Theriogenology, 61 (6), 1061-1076.
- Griffin B, Heath AM, Young DW, et al., 2001: Effects of melatonin implants on ovarian function in the domestic cat [abstract]. Proc 19th Am Coll Vet Intern Med Forum, Denver, CO, USA, 843.
- Gulyuz F, Tasal I, Uslu BA, 2009: Effects of melatonin on the onset of ovarian activity in Turkish Van cats. J Anim Vet Adv, 8, 2033–2037.
- Howe LM, 2006: Surgical methods of contraception and sterilization. Theriogenology, 66, 500-509.
- Johnston SD, Root Kustritz MV, Olson PNS, 2001: Prevention and termination of feline pregnancy. In: Johnston SD, Root Kustritz MV, Olson PNS (Eds), Canine and Feline Theriogenology, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 447-452.
- Kassim WY, Al-Rishdy KA, Al-Helou MF, 2019: The impact of melatonin administration on the fertility performance and several relating parameters during the breeding season in the Arabi ewes. Iraqi J Vet Med, 33 (2), 461–468.
- Kutzler M, Wood A, 2006: Non-surgical methods of contraception and sterilization. Theriogenology, 66 (3), 514-525.
- Kutzler MA, 2007: Estrus induction and synchronization in canids and felids. Theriogenology, 68 (3), 354-374.
- Kutzler MA, 2015: Alternative methods for feline fertility control: Use of melatonin to suppress reproduction. J Feline Med Surg, 17 (9), 753-757.
- Leyva H, Addiego L, Stabenfeldt G, 1984: The effect of different photoperiods on plasma concentrations of melatonin, prolactin and cortisol in the domestic cat. Endocrinology, 115, 1729–1736.
- Leyva H, Madley T, Stabenfeldt GH, 1989: Effect of light manipulation on ovarian activity and melatonin and prolactin secretion in the domestic cat. J Reprod Fertil Suppl, 39, 125–133.
- Munson L, Bauman JE, Asa CS, Jochle W, Trigg TE, 2001: Efficacy of the GnRH analogue deslorelin for suppression of oestrus cycles in cats. J Reprod Fertil Suppl, 57, 269-273.
- Romagnoli S, Concannon PW, 2003: Clinical use of progestins in bitches and queens: a review. Recent Adv. Small Anim. Reprod. Available at: http://www.ivis.org/search/recent.asp?LA=8. June 9th 2009.
- Romagnoli S, Ferre-Dolcet L, 2022: Reversible control of reproduction in queens: mastering the use of reproductive drugs to manipulate cyclicity. J Feline Med. Surg, 24 (9), 853-870.
- Schäfer-Somi S, 2017: Effect of melatonin on the reproductive cycle in female cats: a review of clinical experiences and previous studies. J Feline Med Surg, 19 (1), 5-12.
- Shi L, Li N, Bo L, Xu Z, 2013: Melatonin and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Curr Med Chem, 20 (15), 2017-2031.
- Tamada H, Kawate N, Inaba T, Sawada T, 2003: Long-term prevention of estrus in the bitch and queen using chlormadinone acetate. Can Vet J, 44, 416-417.
- Verstegen J, 2000: Contraception and pregnancy termination. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC (Eds), Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 5th ed., WB Saunders, 1585-1598.
- Wehr TA, 1997: Melatonin and seasonal rhythms. J Biol Rhythm, 12, 518-527.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Doğum ve Jinekoloji |
| Bölüm | Derleme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 19 Haziran 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 27 Şubat 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 20 Mayıs 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1 |
