Research Article
Yetişkinlerde Kronotip, Yeme Farkındalığı ile Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Örneğinde Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Abstract
Amaç: Kronotip ve ruhsal esenlik arasındaki ilişki, sağlıklı beslenme davranışlarının ve genel esenliğin teşvik edilmesinde bireysel sirkadiyen tercihlerin dikkate alınmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türk yetişkinlerde kronotip ile depresyon, stres, anksiyete, yeme farkındalığı ve sezgisel yeme arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel çalışma, Ekim 2023-Mart 2024 tarihleri arasında İstanbul'da yaşayan yetişkinler ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara demografik özellikler, Depresyon, Anksiyete, Stres Ölçeği-21 (DASS-21), Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği (MEQ) ve Sezgisel Yeme Ölçeği-2’yi (IES-2) içeren bir anket formu çevrimiçi olarak uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların vücut ağırlıkları ve boy uzunlukları beyana dayalı olarak alınmıştır. Veriler SPSS 24.0 kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya 250 yetişkin (%8 sabahcıl tip, %46 orta tip, %46 akşamcıl tipi) katılmıştır. DASS-21 puanları akşamcıl tiplerinde daha yüksek olup, sabahcıl tiplerinden istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmuştur (depresyon ve stres puanları için p<0,001, anksiyete puanları için p= 0,004). Buna karşılık, MEQ puanları sabah tiplerinde, ara tiplerden istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p = 0,030). Kronotip ile MEQ puanları arasında zayıf pozitif bir korelasyon bulunmuş (r = 0,228, p<0,001), buna karşılık, stres puanları (r= -0,245, p<0,001), anksiyete puanları (r= -0,149, p=0,019) ve depresyon puanları (r= -0,219, p<0,001) ile zayıf negatif korelasyonlar belirlenmiştir. Akşam tip, ayarlamalar yapılsın ya da yapılmasın lojistik regresyon analizine göre daha yüksek MEQ skorları, depresyon, stres ve anksiyete ile ilişkili bulunmuştur (sırasıyla %95 CI: 0,177, p= 0.014 ve %95 CI 0.174, p= 0.008).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada akşamcıl tip olan yetişkinlerde depresyon, stres, anksiyete ve yeme farkındalığı ile ilişki saptanmıştır.
Keywords
References
- Lemke T, Hökby S, Wasserman D, Carli V, Hadlaczky G. Associations between sleep habits, quality, chronotype and depression in a large cross-sectional sample of Swedish adolescents. Plos one. 2023; 18(11): e0293580.
- Arslan M, Ayhan NY, Çolak H, Sarıyer ET, Çevik E. The effect of chronotype on addictive eating behavior and BMI among university students: A cross-sectional study. Nutrients. 2022; 14(14): 2907.
- Hicks H, Meyer K, Watts A. Differential effects of chronotype on physical activity and cognitive performance in older adults. Front Epidemiol. 2023; 3: 1029221.
- Taylor BJ, Hasler BP. Chronotype and mental health: recent advances. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018; 20(8): 1-10.
- Zhang D, Yang Y, Zhai S, Qu Y, Li T, Xie Y, et al. Poor sleep pattern is associated with metabolic disorder during transition from adolescence to adulthood. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023; 14: 1088135.
- World Health Organization (WHO). Depressive disorder (depression). 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
- World Health Organization (WHO). Mental health. 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/mental-health#tab=tab_1
- World Health Organization (WHO). Supporting Turkish mental health policy and service delivery. 2020. Avaiable from: https://www.who.int/about/accountability/results/who-results-report-2020-2021
- Yalcin T, Ozturk EE. Associations between chronotype, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and attitude to healthy nutrition. Galician Medical Journal. 2023; 30(1): E202312.
- Altınsoy C, Yavuz AY. Üniversite öğrencilerinde kronotipin, yeme tutumu ve beden algisi ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021; 6(1): 136-46.
- Toktas N, Erman KA, Mert Z. Nutritional Habits According to Human Chronotype and Nutritional Status of Morningness and Eveningness. Journal of Education and Training Studies. 2018; 6(n3a): 61-67.
- Firat M, Okanlı A, Kanbay Y, Utkan M, Gökmen BD. The prevalence of pandemic anxiety, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2021; 31(2): 198.
- Short MA, Booth SA, Omar O, Ostlundh L, Arora T. The relationship between sleep duration and mood in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2020; 52: 101311.
- Tsomokos DI, Halstead E, Flouri E. Chronotype and depression in adolescence: Results from a UK birth cohort study. JCPP Advances. 2024; e12245.
- Nelson JB. Mindful eating: The art of presence while you eat. Diabetes Spect. 2017; 30(3): 171-4.
- Grider HS, Douglas SM, Raynor HA. The influence of mindful eating and/or intuitive eating approaches on dietary intake: a systematic review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2021; 121(4): 709-27.
- Sala M, Shankar Ram S, Vanzhula IA, Levinson CA. Mindfulness and eating disorder psychopathology: A meta‐analysis. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 202; 53(6): 834-51.
- Walker RJ, Christopher AN, Wieth MB, Buchanan J. Personality, time-of-day preference, and eating behavior: The mediational role of morning-eveningness. Personality and individual differences. 2015; 77: 13-7.
- Beaulieu K, Oustric P, Alkahtani S, Alhussain M, Pedersen H, Salling Quist J, et al. Impact of meal timing and chronotype on food reward and appetite control in young adults. Nutrients. 2020; 12(5): 1506.
- Verde L, Docimo A, Chirico G, Savastano S, Colao A, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G. How Fast Do “Owls” and “Larks” Eat? Nutrients. 2023; 15(6): 1437.
- Walsh NA, Repa LM, Garland SN. Mindful larks and lonely owls: The relationship between chronotype, mental health, sleep quality, and social support in young adults. J Sleep Res. 2022; 31(1): e13442.
- Horne JA, Ostberg OA. Self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol. 1976; 4(2): 97-110.
- Pündük Z, Gür H, Ercan İ. Sabahçil-Akşamcil Anketi Türkçe uyarlamasinda güvenilirlik çalişmasi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2005; 16(1): 40-5.
- Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF. Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. psychology foundation of Australia, Sydney. 1995.
- Sarıçam H. The psychometric properties of Turkish version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in health control and clinical samples. JCBPR. 2018; 7(1): 19-30. doi: 10.5455/JCBPR.274847
- Tylka TL, Kroon Van Diest AM. The Intuitive eating scale–2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation with college women and men. J Couns Psychol. 2013; 60: 137-53.
- Bas M, Karaca KE, Saglam D, Arıtıcı G, Cengiz E, Köksal S, Buyukkaragoz AH. Turkish version of the intuitive eating Scale-2: Validity and reliability among university students. Appetite. 2017; 114: 391-7.
- Framson C, Kristal AR, Schenk JM, Littman AJ, Zeliadt S, Benitez D. Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. J Am Diet Asoc. 2009; 109(8): 1439-44.
- Köse G, Tayfur M, Birincioğlu İ, Dönmez A. Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği’ni Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. JCBPR. 2016; 3: 125-134.
- Serdar CC, Cihan M, Yücel D, Serdar MA. Sample size, power and effect size revisited: Simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies. Biochem Med. 2021; 31: 27–53.
- Mortaş H, Ayhan B, Navruz Varlı S, Köse S, Ağagündüz D, Bilici S. Rise and shine for eating right: the link between healthy nutrition and chronotype among young adults. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2023; 10: 1285015.
- Kabasakal Cetin A. Chronotype is associated with addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake among undergraduate students. Chronobiology International. 2023; 40(10): 1435-43.
- Jonušaitė I, Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikienė E, Kizlaitienė R, Giedraitienė N, Sereikė I, Liutkienė J, et al. Chronotypes and their relationship with depression, anxiety, and fatigue among patients with multiple sclerosis in Vilnius, Lithuania. Frontiers in Neurology. 2023; 14: 1298258.
- Gao Q, Sheng J, Qin S, Zhang L. Chronotypes and affective disorders: A clock for mood? Brain Science Advances. 2019; 5(3): 145-60.
- Dickinson DL, Wolkow AP, Rajaratnam SM, Drummond SP. Personal sleep debt and daytime sleepiness mediate the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in young adults. Depression and Anxiety. 2018; 35(8): 775-83.
- Cox RC, Olatunji BO. Differential associations between chronotype, anxiety, and negative affect: a structural equation modeling approach. Journal of affective disorders. 2019; 257: 321-30.
- Alvaro PK, Roberts RM, Harris JK. The independent relationships between insomnia, depression, subtypes of anxiety, and chronotype during adolescence. Sleep Med. 2014; 15(8): 934-41.
- Díaz-Morales JF, Sánchez-López MP. Morningness-eveningness and anxiety among adults: A matter of sex/gender? Personality and Individual Differences. 2008; 44(6): 1391-401.
- Saalwirth C, Leipold B. Sleep and chronotype in relation to work-related stress and negative affect: The moderating role of a flexible start of work. Somnologie. 2021; 25(2): 119-25.
- Supit A, Gosal M, Mamuaja P, Kumaat S, Paturusi A. Later chronotype correlates with severe depression in Indonesian college students. Sleep Medicine Research. 2021; 12(2): 133-9.
- Bradford DR, Biello SM, Russell K. Insomnia symptoms mediate the association between eveningness and suicidal ideation, defeat, entrapment, and psychological distress in students. Chronobiology international. 2021; 38(10): 1397-408.
- Marques DR, Castilho P, Allen Gomes A, Pereira A. Mindfulness and self-compassion along the chronotype: a cross-sectional study. Chronobiology International. 2019; 36(4): 541-7.
- Kabasakal Cetin A. Chronotype is associated with addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake among undergraduate students. Chronobiology International. 2023; 40(10): 1435-43.
- Tapper K. Mindful eating: what we know so far. Nutr Bull. 2022; 47: 168-85.
Associations Between Chronotype, Mindful Eating, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Türkiye
Abstract
Aim: The relationship between chronotype and mental well-being underscores the importance of considering individual circadian preferences in promoting healthy eating behaviors and overall well-being. This study aimed to investigate the association between chronotype and depression, stress, anxiety, mindful eating, and intuitive eating among Turkish adults.
Material and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among adults between October 2023-March 2024 in Istanbul, Türkiye. An online questionnaire including demographic characteristics, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ), and Intuitive Eating Scale–2nd edition (IES-2) was performed. Additionally, height and body weight were taken with the declaration of the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0.
Results: In this study, 250 adults (8% morning type, 46% intermediate type, 46% evening type) participated. DASS-21 scores were higher in evening types and statistically different from morning types (p<0.001 for depression and stress scores, p= 0.004 for anxiety scores). In contrast, MEQ scores were statistically higher in morning types than in intermediate types (p = 0.030). A weak positive correlation was found between chronotype and MEQ scores (r= 0.228, p< 0.001), whereas weak negative correlations were identified with stress scores (r= -0.245, p< 0.001), anxiety scores (r= -0.149, p= 0.019), and depression scores (r= -0.219, p<0.001). Evening type was associated with higher MEQ scores, depression, stress and anxiety according to logistic regression analysis, after with and without adjustment (95% CI: 0.177, p: 0.014, and 95% CI 0.174, p: 0.008, respectively).
Conclusion: Depression, stress, anxiety and mindful eating were associated in adults with the evening type.
Keywords
References
- Lemke T, Hökby S, Wasserman D, Carli V, Hadlaczky G. Associations between sleep habits, quality, chronotype and depression in a large cross-sectional sample of Swedish adolescents. Plos one. 2023; 18(11): e0293580.
- Arslan M, Ayhan NY, Çolak H, Sarıyer ET, Çevik E. The effect of chronotype on addictive eating behavior and BMI among university students: A cross-sectional study. Nutrients. 2022; 14(14): 2907.
- Hicks H, Meyer K, Watts A. Differential effects of chronotype on physical activity and cognitive performance in older adults. Front Epidemiol. 2023; 3: 1029221.
- Taylor BJ, Hasler BP. Chronotype and mental health: recent advances. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018; 20(8): 1-10.
- Zhang D, Yang Y, Zhai S, Qu Y, Li T, Xie Y, et al. Poor sleep pattern is associated with metabolic disorder during transition from adolescence to adulthood. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023; 14: 1088135.
- World Health Organization (WHO). Depressive disorder (depression). 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
- World Health Organization (WHO). Mental health. 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/mental-health#tab=tab_1
- World Health Organization (WHO). Supporting Turkish mental health policy and service delivery. 2020. Avaiable from: https://www.who.int/about/accountability/results/who-results-report-2020-2021
- Yalcin T, Ozturk EE. Associations between chronotype, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and attitude to healthy nutrition. Galician Medical Journal. 2023; 30(1): E202312.
- Altınsoy C, Yavuz AY. Üniversite öğrencilerinde kronotipin, yeme tutumu ve beden algisi ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021; 6(1): 136-46.
- Toktas N, Erman KA, Mert Z. Nutritional Habits According to Human Chronotype and Nutritional Status of Morningness and Eveningness. Journal of Education and Training Studies. 2018; 6(n3a): 61-67.
- Firat M, Okanlı A, Kanbay Y, Utkan M, Gökmen BD. The prevalence of pandemic anxiety, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2021; 31(2): 198.
- Short MA, Booth SA, Omar O, Ostlundh L, Arora T. The relationship between sleep duration and mood in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2020; 52: 101311.
- Tsomokos DI, Halstead E, Flouri E. Chronotype and depression in adolescence: Results from a UK birth cohort study. JCPP Advances. 2024; e12245.
- Nelson JB. Mindful eating: The art of presence while you eat. Diabetes Spect. 2017; 30(3): 171-4.
- Grider HS, Douglas SM, Raynor HA. The influence of mindful eating and/or intuitive eating approaches on dietary intake: a systematic review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2021; 121(4): 709-27.
- Sala M, Shankar Ram S, Vanzhula IA, Levinson CA. Mindfulness and eating disorder psychopathology: A meta‐analysis. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 202; 53(6): 834-51.
- Walker RJ, Christopher AN, Wieth MB, Buchanan J. Personality, time-of-day preference, and eating behavior: The mediational role of morning-eveningness. Personality and individual differences. 2015; 77: 13-7.
- Beaulieu K, Oustric P, Alkahtani S, Alhussain M, Pedersen H, Salling Quist J, et al. Impact of meal timing and chronotype on food reward and appetite control in young adults. Nutrients. 2020; 12(5): 1506.
- Verde L, Docimo A, Chirico G, Savastano S, Colao A, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G. How Fast Do “Owls” and “Larks” Eat? Nutrients. 2023; 15(6): 1437.
- Walsh NA, Repa LM, Garland SN. Mindful larks and lonely owls: The relationship between chronotype, mental health, sleep quality, and social support in young adults. J Sleep Res. 2022; 31(1): e13442.
- Horne JA, Ostberg OA. Self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol. 1976; 4(2): 97-110.
- Pündük Z, Gür H, Ercan İ. Sabahçil-Akşamcil Anketi Türkçe uyarlamasinda güvenilirlik çalişmasi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2005; 16(1): 40-5.
- Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF. Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. psychology foundation of Australia, Sydney. 1995.
- Sarıçam H. The psychometric properties of Turkish version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in health control and clinical samples. JCBPR. 2018; 7(1): 19-30. doi: 10.5455/JCBPR.274847
- Tylka TL, Kroon Van Diest AM. The Intuitive eating scale–2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation with college women and men. J Couns Psychol. 2013; 60: 137-53.
- Bas M, Karaca KE, Saglam D, Arıtıcı G, Cengiz E, Köksal S, Buyukkaragoz AH. Turkish version of the intuitive eating Scale-2: Validity and reliability among university students. Appetite. 2017; 114: 391-7.
- Framson C, Kristal AR, Schenk JM, Littman AJ, Zeliadt S, Benitez D. Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. J Am Diet Asoc. 2009; 109(8): 1439-44.
- Köse G, Tayfur M, Birincioğlu İ, Dönmez A. Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği’ni Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. JCBPR. 2016; 3: 125-134.
- Serdar CC, Cihan M, Yücel D, Serdar MA. Sample size, power and effect size revisited: Simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies. Biochem Med. 2021; 31: 27–53.
- Mortaş H, Ayhan B, Navruz Varlı S, Köse S, Ağagündüz D, Bilici S. Rise and shine for eating right: the link between healthy nutrition and chronotype among young adults. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2023; 10: 1285015.
- Kabasakal Cetin A. Chronotype is associated with addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake among undergraduate students. Chronobiology International. 2023; 40(10): 1435-43.
- Jonušaitė I, Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikienė E, Kizlaitienė R, Giedraitienė N, Sereikė I, Liutkienė J, et al. Chronotypes and their relationship with depression, anxiety, and fatigue among patients with multiple sclerosis in Vilnius, Lithuania. Frontiers in Neurology. 2023; 14: 1298258.
- Gao Q, Sheng J, Qin S, Zhang L. Chronotypes and affective disorders: A clock for mood? Brain Science Advances. 2019; 5(3): 145-60.
- Dickinson DL, Wolkow AP, Rajaratnam SM, Drummond SP. Personal sleep debt and daytime sleepiness mediate the relationship between sleep and mental health outcomes in young adults. Depression and Anxiety. 2018; 35(8): 775-83.
- Cox RC, Olatunji BO. Differential associations between chronotype, anxiety, and negative affect: a structural equation modeling approach. Journal of affective disorders. 2019; 257: 321-30.
- Alvaro PK, Roberts RM, Harris JK. The independent relationships between insomnia, depression, subtypes of anxiety, and chronotype during adolescence. Sleep Med. 2014; 15(8): 934-41.
- Díaz-Morales JF, Sánchez-López MP. Morningness-eveningness and anxiety among adults: A matter of sex/gender? Personality and Individual Differences. 2008; 44(6): 1391-401.
- Saalwirth C, Leipold B. Sleep and chronotype in relation to work-related stress and negative affect: The moderating role of a flexible start of work. Somnologie. 2021; 25(2): 119-25.
- Supit A, Gosal M, Mamuaja P, Kumaat S, Paturusi A. Later chronotype correlates with severe depression in Indonesian college students. Sleep Medicine Research. 2021; 12(2): 133-9.
- Bradford DR, Biello SM, Russell K. Insomnia symptoms mediate the association between eveningness and suicidal ideation, defeat, entrapment, and psychological distress in students. Chronobiology international. 2021; 38(10): 1397-408.
- Marques DR, Castilho P, Allen Gomes A, Pereira A. Mindfulness and self-compassion along the chronotype: a cross-sectional study. Chronobiology International. 2019; 36(4): 541-7.
- Kabasakal Cetin A. Chronotype is associated with addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake among undergraduate students. Chronobiology International. 2023; 40(10): 1435-43.
- Tapper K. Mindful eating: what we know so far. Nutr Bull. 2022; 47: 168-85.
There are 44 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Nutrition and Dietetics (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | May 22, 2025 |
| Submission Date | June 21, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | February 24, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 2 |
