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DONDURULMUŞ OLARAK SATIŞA SUNULAN HAMSİ BALIĞININ MİKROBİYOLOJİK KRİTER, RADYONÜKLİD AKTİVİTE KONSANTRASYONU VE BAZI KALICI ORGANİK KİRLETİCİ MİKTARLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2022, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 359 - 371, 25.02.2022

Özen Yusuf Öğretmen

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD22026

Abstract

Dondurularak satışa sunulan hamsi balığı örneklerinde mikrobiyolojik kriter, radyonüklid aktivite ve bazı kalıcı organik kirleticilerin miktarları tespit edilerek Türk Gıda Kodeksi (TGK) ve Avrupa Birliği Konsey tarafından belirlenen yönetmeliklere göre uygunluğu araştırılmıştır. Tespit edilen mikrobiyolojik değerler TGK ve Avrupa Birliği Konsey yönetmeliğinde belirtilen kriterlere uygun bulunmuştur. Radyonüklid aktivite konsantrasyonu Cs-131, Cs-137, K-40 ve I-131 için sırasıyla <5, <5, 102±15 ve <1 Bq kg-1 bulunmuş olup, yönetmelikte belirlenen maksimum sınır değerlerinin altında tespit edilmiştir. Kalıcı organik kirleticilerden dioksinler toplamı (PCDD/F), dioksin ve dioksin benzeri PCB’ler (dl-PCB’ler) toplamı ve indikatör PCB’ler toplamı sırasıyla 0.02±0.0 pg/g yaş ağırlık, 0.050±01pg/g yaş ağırlık ve 2.91±0.43 ng/g yaş ağırlık olarak bulunmuş olup TGK ve Avrupa Birliği Konsey yönetmeliğinde belirtilen maksimum kalıntı seviyelerin altındadır.

Keywords

Hamsi Mikrobiyolojik kriter Radyonüklid aktivite Dioksin

References

  • Baltas, H., Kiris, E., Dalgic, G., Cevik, U. (2016). Distribution of 137Cs in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in Eastern Black Sea Coast of Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 107(1), 402-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.032
  • Baltas, H., Kiris, E., Sirin, M. (2017). Determination of radioactivity levels and heavy metal concentrations in seawater, sediment and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) from the Black Sea in Rize, Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 116(1-2), 528-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.016
  • Bartalini, A., Muñoz-Arnanz, J., Baini, M., Panti, C., Galli, M., Giani, D., Jiménez, B. (2020). Relevance of current PCB concentrations in edible fish species from the Mediterranean Sea. Science of The Total Environment, 737, 139520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139520
  • Bolat, Y., Cevher, H. (2018). Konya İli (Türkiye) Su Ürünleri Tüketim Alışkanlıkları Üzerine Bir Anket Çalışması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 14 (3), 241-252. DOI: 10.22392/egirdir.398151
  • Bolat, Y., Telli, Ö. (2019). Denizli İli su ürünleri tüketim alışkanlıklarının belirlenmesi. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 15(1), 80-90
  • Commission Regulation (2006). Laying down methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in certain foodstuffs. (EC) No 1883/2006, 19 December 2006. OJEU L364 20.12.2006, pp. 32–43.
  • CSN, I. (2008). CSN EN ISO 10703 (75 7630) Jakost vod–Stanovení objemové aktivity radionuklidů spektrometrií záření gama svysokým rozlišením. Praha: Český normalizační institut.
  • Çakıroğulları, G.Ç., Uçar, Y., Oymael, B., Bozkurt, E. N., Kılıç, D. (2010). PCDD/F, dl-PCB and indicator PCBs in whiting, Horse mackerel and anchovy in Black Sea in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10(3). Doi: 10.4194/trjfas.2010.0308
  • Çaylak, B., Çolakoğlu, F., Künili, İ.E., Ormancı, H.B. (2019). A Survey on Seafood Consumption and Consumer Preference in İzmir Province. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(sp1), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.101-106.2735
  • Deniz B, Sarıözkan S. (2020). Kayseri ilinde balık tüketimi ve tüketici tercihlerinin belirlenmesi. Erciyes Univ. Vet Fak Dergisi; 17(3): 200-208.
  • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). (2018). Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA Journal, 16, 5333. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333
  • European Commission, (2005). Commission Regulation (EC) No. 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs Official Journal of the European Union, L 338 (2005), pp. 1-26 22.12.2005.
  • European Commission (2011). Commission regulation (EC) No 1259/2011of 2 December 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels for dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and nondioxin-like PCBs in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union L 320/18, 03.12.2011.
  • European Commission, (2016). Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom of 5 December 2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation, and repealing Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 96/29/Euratom, 97/43/Euratom and 2003/122/Euratom
  • Evren, M., Turhan, S., Üstün, N.Ş. (2008). Hamsi (Engraulis encrasicholus) balıklarının mikrobiyolojik özellikleri üzerine pişirme yöntemlerinin etkisi. Türkiye 10. Gıda Kongresi, 21-23 Mayıs 2008, Erzurum.
  • Görür, F.K. Keser, R. Akcay, N. Dizman, S. (2012). Radioactivity and heavy metal concentrations of some commercial fish species consumed in the Black Sea Region of Turkey Chemosphere, 87, pp. 356-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.022
  • Günşen, U., Özcan, A., Aydın, A. (2011). Determination of Some Quality Criteria of Cold Storaged Marinated Anchovy under Vacuum and Modified Atmosphere Conditions. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11 (2), Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/trjfas-ayrildi/issue/13273/160343
  • Güvenin, O., Erdoğan Sağlam., N. (2020). The comparison of seafood consumption preferences and habits in Ordu and Samsun (Turkey). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(3), 259-265. DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.37.3.08
  • Huisu, L., Kim, I. (2021). Accumulations of artificial radionuclides 137Cs and 239+ 240Pu in anchovy from the Korean seas. Radioprotection, 56(4), 319-326. Doi: 10.1051/radiopro/2021009
  • İnat, G., Pamuk, Ş., Sırıken, B., Demirel, YN. (2013). Tüketime hazır tuzlanmış hamsi balıklarının (Engraulis encrasicolus) mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal kalitelerinin belirlenmesi. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, 84(1), 26-35.
  • Joint FAO & World Health Organization (WHO). (2016). Criteria for Radionuclide Activity Concentrations for Food and Drinking Water (No. IAEA-TECDOC-1788). Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture.
  • Karademir, F., Kahraman., T. (2021). İstanbul’da Tüketime Sunulan Midye Dolmaların Mikrobiyolojik Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 14(4), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.958598
  • Karakaya, E., Sökmen, TÖ., Kırıcı, M. (2020). Erzincan İli Balık Tüketim Alışkanlıklarının Belirlenmesi. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 18-29
  • Karsli, B. (2021). Determination of metal content in anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) from Turkey, Georgia and Abkhazia coasts of the Black Sea: Evaluation of potential risks associated with human consumption. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 165, 112108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112108
  • Kılıç, Ö., Belivermiş, M., Gözel, F., Carvalho, F.P. (2014). Radioactivity levels in mussels and sediments of the Golden Horn by the Bosphorus Strait, Marmara Sea. Marine pollution bulletin, 86(1-2), 555-561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.033
  • Kocatepe, D., Turan, H., Kaya, Y., Taşkaya, G., Erdoğdu, F., Erden, R. (2014). Effect of potassium metabisulphite, glaze and vacuum on shelf life of frozen blacksea anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus1758).
  • Koç, F., Kısa, F. (2005). Dioksinler. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 16(1-2), 57-62.
  • Kuşat, M., Şahan, M. (2021). Su Ürünleri Tüketim Tercihleri Üzerine Uşak İlinde Bir Anket Çalışması. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 17 (3), 376-385. DOI: 10.22392/actaquatr.848663
  • ÇŞİDB, (2022). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. https://onceliklikimyasallar.csb.gov.tr/kalici-organik-kirleticiler-i-5173 (Erişim tarihi: 18.02.2022)
  • Moon, H.B., Choi, H.G. (2009). Human exposure to PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs associated with seafood consumption in Korea from 2005 to 2007. Environment International, 35(2), 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.003
  • Öğretmen, Ö.Y. (2022). The effect of migration on fatty acid, amino acid, and proximate compositions of the Black Sea anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linne 1758) from Turkey, Georgia, and Abkhazia. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 105, 104197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104197
  • Selvi, K., Kaya, B., Özdikmenli Tepeli, S., Kandemir, G. (2022). Çanakkale’nin Yenice ve Bayramiç ilçelerinde su ürünleri tüketiminin değerlendirilmesi. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 18(0), https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.991184
  • Sheng, L., Wang, L. (2021). The microbial safety of fish and fish products: Recent advances in understanding its significance, contamination sources, and control strategies. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 20(1), 738-786. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12671
  • TGK (Türk Gıda Kodeksi) (2011). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliği. Resmî Gazete Tarihi: 29.12.2011 Resmî Gazete Sayısı: 28157 (3. Mükerrer). Erişim adresi: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111229M3-8.htm (Erişim Tarihi 21.02.2022)
  • Topcuoglu, S., Kut, D., Esen, N., Gungor, N., Kirbasoglu, C. (2001). 137Cs in Biota and Sediment Samples from Turkish Coast of the Black Sea, 1997–1998. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 250, 381–384. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017932604374
  • TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu), (2021). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri 2021, Ankara.
  • Türksönmez, Ç., Diler, A. (2019). Seasonal Determination of Heavy Metal Levels of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.,1758) Obtained from the Marmara Sea. Acta Biologica Turcica, 32(4): 242-247.
  • USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), (1997). Method 1613B, Tetra- through octa-chlorinated dioxins and furans by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS, September 15, 1997, 40 CFR 136 (FR 48405), Washington, DC
  • USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), (2008). Method 1668B Chlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in water, soil, Sediments, biosolids and tissue by HRGC/HRMS. Nov. 2008.
  • Yüksel, E., Diler, A. (2019). Ankara İlinde su ürünleri tüketim tercihlerinin belirlenmesi. Aydın Gastronomy, 3(1), 11-21.

INVESTIGATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, RADIONUCLIDE ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION AND SOME PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN THE FROZEN ANCHOVY PUT ON THE MARKET

Year 2022, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 359 - 371, 25.02.2022

Özen Yusuf Öğretmen

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD22026

Abstract

The microbiological criters, radionuclide activity and the amounts of some persistent organic pollutants were determined in the frozen anchovy samples, and their conformity was investigated according to the regulations determined by the Turkish Food Codex (TFC) and the European Union Council. The detected microbiological values were found to comply with the criteria specified in the TFC and the European Union Council regulations. Radionuclide activity concentrations were found to be <5, <5, 102±15 and <1 Bq kg-1 for Cs-131, Cs-137, K-40 and I-131, respectively, which are below the maximum limit values determined in the regulation. The total of dioxins (PCDD/F), the sum of dioxin and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs), and the sum of indicator PCBs were found to be 0.02±0.0 pg/g wet weight, 0.050±01pg/g wet weight, and 2.91±0.43 ng/g wet weight, which are below the maximum residue levels specified in the Turkish Food Codex and the European Union Council regulation.

Keywords

Anchovy Microbiological criter Radyonuclide activity Dioxin

References

  • Baltas, H., Kiris, E., Dalgic, G., Cevik, U. (2016). Distribution of 137Cs in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in Eastern Black Sea Coast of Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 107(1), 402-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.032
  • Baltas, H., Kiris, E., Sirin, M. (2017). Determination of radioactivity levels and heavy metal concentrations in seawater, sediment and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) from the Black Sea in Rize, Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 116(1-2), 528-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.016
  • Bartalini, A., Muñoz-Arnanz, J., Baini, M., Panti, C., Galli, M., Giani, D., Jiménez, B. (2020). Relevance of current PCB concentrations in edible fish species from the Mediterranean Sea. Science of The Total Environment, 737, 139520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139520
  • Bolat, Y., Cevher, H. (2018). Konya İli (Türkiye) Su Ürünleri Tüketim Alışkanlıkları Üzerine Bir Anket Çalışması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 14 (3), 241-252. DOI: 10.22392/egirdir.398151
  • Bolat, Y., Telli, Ö. (2019). Denizli İli su ürünleri tüketim alışkanlıklarının belirlenmesi. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 15(1), 80-90
  • Commission Regulation (2006). Laying down methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in certain foodstuffs. (EC) No 1883/2006, 19 December 2006. OJEU L364 20.12.2006, pp. 32–43.
  • CSN, I. (2008). CSN EN ISO 10703 (75 7630) Jakost vod–Stanovení objemové aktivity radionuklidů spektrometrií záření gama svysokým rozlišením. Praha: Český normalizační institut.
  • Çakıroğulları, G.Ç., Uçar, Y., Oymael, B., Bozkurt, E. N., Kılıç, D. (2010). PCDD/F, dl-PCB and indicator PCBs in whiting, Horse mackerel and anchovy in Black Sea in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10(3). Doi: 10.4194/trjfas.2010.0308
  • Çaylak, B., Çolakoğlu, F., Künili, İ.E., Ormancı, H.B. (2019). A Survey on Seafood Consumption and Consumer Preference in İzmir Province. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(sp1), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.101-106.2735
  • Deniz B, Sarıözkan S. (2020). Kayseri ilinde balık tüketimi ve tüketici tercihlerinin belirlenmesi. Erciyes Univ. Vet Fak Dergisi; 17(3): 200-208.
  • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). (2018). Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA Journal, 16, 5333. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333
  • European Commission, (2005). Commission Regulation (EC) No. 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs Official Journal of the European Union, L 338 (2005), pp. 1-26 22.12.2005.
  • European Commission (2011). Commission regulation (EC) No 1259/2011of 2 December 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels for dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and nondioxin-like PCBs in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union L 320/18, 03.12.2011.
  • European Commission, (2016). Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom of 5 December 2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation, and repealing Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 96/29/Euratom, 97/43/Euratom and 2003/122/Euratom
  • Evren, M., Turhan, S., Üstün, N.Ş. (2008). Hamsi (Engraulis encrasicholus) balıklarının mikrobiyolojik özellikleri üzerine pişirme yöntemlerinin etkisi. Türkiye 10. Gıda Kongresi, 21-23 Mayıs 2008, Erzurum.
  • Görür, F.K. Keser, R. Akcay, N. Dizman, S. (2012). Radioactivity and heavy metal concentrations of some commercial fish species consumed in the Black Sea Region of Turkey Chemosphere, 87, pp. 356-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.022
  • Günşen, U., Özcan, A., Aydın, A. (2011). Determination of Some Quality Criteria of Cold Storaged Marinated Anchovy under Vacuum and Modified Atmosphere Conditions. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11 (2), Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/trjfas-ayrildi/issue/13273/160343
  • Güvenin, O., Erdoğan Sağlam., N. (2020). The comparison of seafood consumption preferences and habits in Ordu and Samsun (Turkey). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(3), 259-265. DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.37.3.08
  • Huisu, L., Kim, I. (2021). Accumulations of artificial radionuclides 137Cs and 239+ 240Pu in anchovy from the Korean seas. Radioprotection, 56(4), 319-326. Doi: 10.1051/radiopro/2021009
  • İnat, G., Pamuk, Ş., Sırıken, B., Demirel, YN. (2013). Tüketime hazır tuzlanmış hamsi balıklarının (Engraulis encrasicolus) mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal kalitelerinin belirlenmesi. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, 84(1), 26-35.
  • Joint FAO & World Health Organization (WHO). (2016). Criteria for Radionuclide Activity Concentrations for Food and Drinking Water (No. IAEA-TECDOC-1788). Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture.
  • Karademir, F., Kahraman., T. (2021). İstanbul’da Tüketime Sunulan Midye Dolmaların Mikrobiyolojik Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 14(4), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.958598
  • Karakaya, E., Sökmen, TÖ., Kırıcı, M. (2020). Erzincan İli Balık Tüketim Alışkanlıklarının Belirlenmesi. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 18-29
  • Karsli, B. (2021). Determination of metal content in anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) from Turkey, Georgia and Abkhazia coasts of the Black Sea: Evaluation of potential risks associated with human consumption. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 165, 112108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112108
  • Kılıç, Ö., Belivermiş, M., Gözel, F., Carvalho, F.P. (2014). Radioactivity levels in mussels and sediments of the Golden Horn by the Bosphorus Strait, Marmara Sea. Marine pollution bulletin, 86(1-2), 555-561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.033
  • Kocatepe, D., Turan, H., Kaya, Y., Taşkaya, G., Erdoğdu, F., Erden, R. (2014). Effect of potassium metabisulphite, glaze and vacuum on shelf life of frozen blacksea anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus1758).
  • Koç, F., Kısa, F. (2005). Dioksinler. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 16(1-2), 57-62.
  • Kuşat, M., Şahan, M. (2021). Su Ürünleri Tüketim Tercihleri Üzerine Uşak İlinde Bir Anket Çalışması. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 17 (3), 376-385. DOI: 10.22392/actaquatr.848663
  • ÇŞİDB, (2022). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. https://onceliklikimyasallar.csb.gov.tr/kalici-organik-kirleticiler-i-5173 (Erişim tarihi: 18.02.2022)
  • Moon, H.B., Choi, H.G. (2009). Human exposure to PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs associated with seafood consumption in Korea from 2005 to 2007. Environment International, 35(2), 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.003
  • Öğretmen, Ö.Y. (2022). The effect of migration on fatty acid, amino acid, and proximate compositions of the Black Sea anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linne 1758) from Turkey, Georgia, and Abkhazia. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 105, 104197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104197
  • Selvi, K., Kaya, B., Özdikmenli Tepeli, S., Kandemir, G. (2022). Çanakkale’nin Yenice ve Bayramiç ilçelerinde su ürünleri tüketiminin değerlendirilmesi. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 18(0), https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.991184
  • Sheng, L., Wang, L. (2021). The microbial safety of fish and fish products: Recent advances in understanding its significance, contamination sources, and control strategies. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 20(1), 738-786. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12671
  • TGK (Türk Gıda Kodeksi) (2011). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliği. Resmî Gazete Tarihi: 29.12.2011 Resmî Gazete Sayısı: 28157 (3. Mükerrer). Erişim adresi: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111229M3-8.htm (Erişim Tarihi 21.02.2022)
  • Topcuoglu, S., Kut, D., Esen, N., Gungor, N., Kirbasoglu, C. (2001). 137Cs in Biota and Sediment Samples from Turkish Coast of the Black Sea, 1997–1998. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 250, 381–384. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017932604374
  • TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu), (2021). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri 2021, Ankara.
  • Türksönmez, Ç., Diler, A. (2019). Seasonal Determination of Heavy Metal Levels of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.,1758) Obtained from the Marmara Sea. Acta Biologica Turcica, 32(4): 242-247.
  • USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), (1997). Method 1613B, Tetra- through octa-chlorinated dioxins and furans by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS, September 15, 1997, 40 CFR 136 (FR 48405), Washington, DC
  • USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), (2008). Method 1668B Chlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in water, soil, Sediments, biosolids and tissue by HRGC/HRMS. Nov. 2008.
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There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Özen Yusuf Öğretmen 0000-0002-1767-2693

Publication Date February 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 47 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Öğretmen, Ö. Y. (2022). DONDURULMUŞ OLARAK SATIŞA SUNULAN HAMSİ BALIĞININ MİKROBİYOLOJİK KRİTER, RADYONÜKLİD AKTİVİTE KONSANTRASYONU VE BAZI KALICI ORGANİK KİRLETİCİ MİKTARLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI. Gıda, 47(2), 359-371. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD22026
AMA Öğretmen ÖY. DONDURULMUŞ OLARAK SATIŞA SUNULAN HAMSİ BALIĞININ MİKROBİYOLOJİK KRİTER, RADYONÜKLİD AKTİVİTE KONSANTRASYONU VE BAZI KALICI ORGANİK KİRLETİCİ MİKTARLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI. The Journal of Food. February 2022;47(2):359-371. doi:10.15237/gida.GD22026
Chicago Öğretmen, Özen Yusuf. “DONDURULMUŞ OLARAK SATIŞA SUNULAN HAMSİ BALIĞININ MİKROBİYOLOJİK KRİTER, RADYONÜKLİD AKTİVİTE KONSANTRASYONU VE BAZI KALICI ORGANİK KİRLETİCİ MİKTARLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Gıda 47, no. 2 (February 2022): 359-71. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD22026.
EndNote Öğretmen ÖY (February 1, 2022) DONDURULMUŞ OLARAK SATIŞA SUNULAN HAMSİ BALIĞININ MİKROBİYOLOJİK KRİTER, RADYONÜKLİD AKTİVİTE KONSANTRASYONU VE BAZI KALICI ORGANİK KİRLETİCİ MİKTARLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI. Gıda 47 2 359–371.
IEEE Ö. Y. Öğretmen, “DONDURULMUŞ OLARAK SATIŞA SUNULAN HAMSİ BALIĞININ MİKROBİYOLOJİK KRİTER, RADYONÜKLİD AKTİVİTE KONSANTRASYONU VE BAZI KALICI ORGANİK KİRLETİCİ MİKTARLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI”, The Journal of Food, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 359–371, 2022, doi: 10.15237/gida.GD22026.
ISNAD Öğretmen, Özen Yusuf. “DONDURULMUŞ OLARAK SATIŞA SUNULAN HAMSİ BALIĞININ MİKROBİYOLOJİK KRİTER, RADYONÜKLİD AKTİVİTE KONSANTRASYONU VE BAZI KALICI ORGANİK KİRLETİCİ MİKTARLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Gıda 47/2 (February 2022), 359-371. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD22026.
JAMA Öğretmen ÖY. DONDURULMUŞ OLARAK SATIŞA SUNULAN HAMSİ BALIĞININ MİKROBİYOLOJİK KRİTER, RADYONÜKLİD AKTİVİTE KONSANTRASYONU VE BAZI KALICI ORGANİK KİRLETİCİ MİKTARLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI. The Journal of Food. 2022;47:359–371.
MLA Öğretmen, Özen Yusuf. “DONDURULMUŞ OLARAK SATIŞA SUNULAN HAMSİ BALIĞININ MİKROBİYOLOJİK KRİTER, RADYONÜKLİD AKTİVİTE KONSANTRASYONU VE BAZI KALICI ORGANİK KİRLETİCİ MİKTARLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Gıda, vol. 47, no. 2, 2022, pp. 359-71, doi:10.15237/gida.GD22026.
Vancouver Öğretmen ÖY. DONDURULMUŞ OLARAK SATIŞA SUNULAN HAMSİ BALIĞININ MİKROBİYOLOJİK KRİTER, RADYONÜKLİD AKTİVİTE KONSANTRASYONU VE BAZI KALICI ORGANİK KİRLETİCİ MİKTARLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI. The Journal of Food. 2022;47(2):359-71.
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