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Arazi Takipli Uçuş Kontrol Sistemine Model Referans Uyarlamalı Kontrol Yaklaşımı

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 770 - 789, 30.04.2025

Berk İnan , İbrahim Aliskan

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1595224

Abstract

Otomatik Uçuş Kontrol Sistemi (OUKS) Arazi Takibi modu askeri hava araçlarının alçak irtifada yer seviyesinin üzerinde belirli bir irtifada uçmasını sağlar. Arazi takip modu düşman radarları tarafından hava aracının tespit edilebilme olasılığını azaltır. Pilotun hava aracını kontrol etmesi için sarf ettiği iş gücünü azaltır ve pilotun diğer görevlere veya misyonlara odaklanmasına olanak tanır. Bu çalışmada, F-16 doğrusal olmayan modeli seçilen bir denge noktası etrafında doğrusallaştırılmıştır. Doğrusal modelin durum değişkenleri yatay ve dikey eksenlerde durum uzayı matrislerine ayrıştırılmıştır. PID (Oransal-İntegral-Türevsel), LQR (Doğrusal Kuadratik Regülatör) ve MRAC (Model Referans Uyarlamalı Kontrol) olmak üzere üç farklı kontrol yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, tasarlanan algoritmaların uçağın boylamasına eksendeki irtifa, hız, yunuslama açısı, hücum açısı ve yunuslama hızını etkili bir şekilde kontrol edebildiğini ve uçağın arazi profiline uygun şekilde uçtuğunu göstermektedir. Son olarak, MRAC’ın adaptasyon kabiliyetinden dolayı PID ve LQR methotlarına üstünlük sağladığı gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

OUKS F-16 LQR MRAC PID Arazi Takibi

Project Number

-

References

  • [1] A. Bongers and J. L. Torres, “Technological change in U.S. jet fighter aircraft,” Res Policy, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 1570–1581, Nov. 2014.
  • [2] I. Khademi, B. Maleki, and A. Nasseri Mood, “Optimal three dimensional Terrain Following/Terrain Avoidance for aircraft using direct transcription method,” in 2011 19th Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation (MED), Corfu, Greece, Jun. 2011, pp. 254–258.
  • [3] P. Lu and B. L. Pierson, “Optimal Aircraft Terrain Following Analysis and Trajectory Generation,” Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 555–560, 1995.
  • [4] V. H. Cheng and B. Sridhar, “Technologies for Automating Rotorcraft Nap-of-the-Earth Flight,” Journal of the American Helicopter Society, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 78–87, 1993.
  • [5] E. N. Johnson and J. G. Mooney, “A Comparison of Automatic Nap-of-the-earth Guidance Strategies for Helicopters,” J Field Robot, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 637–653, 2014.
  • [6] R. Strenzke, J. Uhrmann, A. Benzler, F. Maiwald, A. Rauschert, and A. Schulte, “Managing Cockpit Crew Excess Task Load in Military Manned-Unmanned Teaming Missions by Dual-Mode Cognitive Automation Approaches,” in AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Portland, OR, USA, Aug. 2011, p. 6237.
  • [7] F. Barfield, J. Probert, and D. Browning, “All Terrain Ground Collision Avoidance and Maneuvering Terrain Following for Automated Low Level Night Attack,” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 40–47, 1993.
  • [8] T. Fleck, “Flight Testing of the Autopilot and Terrain Following Radar System in the Tornado Aircraft,” in AIAA 2nd Flight Testing Conference, Las Vegas, NV, USA., Nov. 1983, p. 2770.
  • [9] R. F. Whitbeck and J. Wolkovitch, “Optimal Terrain Following Feedback Control for Advanced Cruise Missiles,” 1982.
  • [10] D. Qu, D. Yu, J. Cheng, and B. Lu, “On Terrain Following System with Fuzzy-PID Controller,” in IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, Yantai, China, Aug. 2014, pp. 497–501.
  • [11] W. Ahmed, Z. Li, H. Maqsood, and B. Anwar, “System Modeling and Controller Design for Lateral and Longitudinal Motion of F-16,” Automation, Control and Intelligent Systems, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 39–45, 2019.
  • [12] Vishal and J. Ohri, “GA tuned LQR and PID controller for aircraft pitch control,” in IEEE 6th India International Conference on Power Electronics (IICPE), Kurukshetra, India, Dec. 2014, pp. 1–6.
  • [13] M. R. Rahimi, S. Hajighasemi, and D. Sanaei, “Designing and Simulation for Vertical Moving Control of UAV System using PID, LQR and Fuzzy Logic,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 651–659, 2013.
  • [14] E. Lavretsky, R. Gadient, and I. M. Gregory, “Predictor-Based Model Reference Adaptive Control,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 1195–1201, Jun. 2010.
  • [15] S. Zhang, Y. Feng, and D. Zhang, “Application Research of MRAC in Fault-tolerant Flight Controller,” Procedia Eng, vol. 99, pp. 1089–1098, 2015.
  • [16] S. Syed, Z. Khan, M. Salman, and U. Ali, “Adaptive Flight Control of an Aircraft with Actuator Faults,” in IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Emerging Allied Technologies (ICREATE), Islamabad, Pakistan, 2014, pp. 249–254.
  • [17] Z. Lachini, A. Khosravi, and P. Sarhadi, “Model Reference Adaptive Control Based on Linear Quadratic Regulator for a Vehicle Lateral Dynamics,” International Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical and Computer Technology, vol. 4, no. 13, pp. 1726–1745, 2014.
  • [18] X. Wang, X. Chen, and L. Wen, “The LQR baseline with adaptive augmentation rejection of unmatched input disturbance,” Int J Control Autom Syst, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1302–1313, 2017.
  • [19] J. Roshanian and E. Rahimzadeh, “Novel Model Reference Adaptive Control with Application to Wing Rock Example,” Proc Inst Mech Eng G J Aerosp Eng, vol. 135, no. 13, pp. 1911–1929, 2021.
  • [20] P. Patre and S. M. Joshi, “Accommodating Sensor Bias in MRAC for State Tracking,” in AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Portland, OR, USA, Aug. 2011, p. 6605.
  • [21] J. Schaefer, C. Hanson, M. A. Johnson, and N. Nguyen, “Handling Qualities of Model Reference Adaptive Controllers with Varying Complexity for Pitch-Roll Coupled Failures,” in AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Portland, OR, USA, Aug. 2011, p. 6453.
  • [22] S. A. Jacklin, “Closing the Certification Gaps in Adaptive Flight Control Software,” in AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Honolulu, HI, USA, Aug. 2008, p. 6988.
  • [23] M. Norouzi and E. Caferov, “Investigating Dynamic Behavior and Control Systems of the F-16 Aircraft: Mathematical Modelling and Autopilot Design,” International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 75–86, 2023.
  • [24] C. Kim, C. Ji, G. Koh, and N. Choi, “Review on Flight Control Law Technologies of Fighter Jets for Flying Qualities,” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 209–236, 2023.
  • [25] L. Sonneveldt, Q. P. Chu, and J. A. Mulder, “Constrained Adaptive Backstepping Flight Control: Application to a Nonlinear F-16/MATV Model,” in AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit, 2006, p. 6413.
  • [26] T. Keviczky and G. J. Balas, “Receding horizon control of an F-16 aircraft: A comparative study,” Control Eng Pract, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1023–1033, 2006.
  • [27] S. Seshagiri and E. Promtun, “Sliding Mode Control of F-16 Longitudinal Dynamics,” in American Control Conference, Seattle, WA, USA, Jun. 2008, pp. 1770–1775.
  • [28] D. T. Ocaña, H.-S. Shin, and A. Tsourdos, “Development of a nonlinear reconfigurable f-16 model and flight control systems using multilayer adaptive neural networks,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 138–143, 2015.
  • [29] G. E. Ceballos Benavides, M. A. Duarte-Mermoud, M. E. Orchard, and A. Ehijo, “Enhancing the Pitch-Rate Control Performance of an F-16 Aircraft Using Fractional-Order Direct-MRAC Adaptive Control,” Fractal and Fractional, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 338, 2024.
  • [30] R. Russell, “Non-linear F-16 Simulation using Simulink and Matlab,” Version 1.0, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, Tech. Rep., Jun. 2003.
  • [31] B. L. Stevens, F. L. Lewis, and E. N. Johnson, Aircraft Control and Simulation, 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
  • [32] L. T. Nguyen, M. E. Ogburn, W. P. Gilbert, K. S. Kibler, P. W. Brown, and P. L. Deal, “Simulator Study of Stall/Post-Stall Characteristics of a Fighter Airplane with Relaxed Longitudinal Static Stability,” NASA Technical Paper 1538, vol. 12854, 1979.
  • [33] Y. Wei, H. Xu, and Y. Xue, “Adaptive Neural Networks-Based Dynamic Inversion Applied to Reconfigurable Flight Control and Envelope Protection under Icing Conditions,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 11577–11594, 2020.
  • [34] M. Sadeghi, A. Abaspour, and S. H. Sadati, “A novel integrated guidance and control system design in formation flight,” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 432–442, 2015.
  • [35] I. Necoara, L. Ferranti, and T. Keviczky, “An adaptive constraint tightening approach to linear model predictive control based on approximation algorithms for optimization,” Optim Control Appl Methods, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 648–666, Sep. 2015.
  • [36] M. R. Mortazavi and A. Naghash, “Pitch and flight path controller design for F-16 aircraft using combination of LQR and EA techniques,” Proc Inst Mech Eng G J Aerosp Eng, vol. 232, no. 10, pp. 1831–1843, Apr. 2018.
  • [37] Y. Zhu, J. Chen, B. Zhu, and K. Y. Qin, “Synchronised trajectory tracking for a network of MIMO non-minimum phase systems with application to aircraft control,” IET Control Theory & Applications, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 1543–1552, Jul. 2018.
  • [38] Z. Oreg, H. S. Shin, and A. Tsourdos, “Model identification adaptive control - Implementation case studies for a high manoeuvrability aircraft,” in 27th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, MED, Akko, Israel, Jul. 2019, pp. 559–564.
  • [39] O. Albostan, “Flight Control System Design of F-16 Aircraft using Robust Eigenstructure Assignment,” Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2017.
  • [40] J. C. Lagarias, J. Reeds, M. H. Wright, and P. E. Wright, “Convergence Properties of the Nelder-Mead Simplex Method in Low Dimensions,” SIAM Journal on Optimization, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 112–147, 1998.
  • [41] H. Aktan and H. Demircioğlu, “Speed and Altitude Hold Autopilot Design and Simulation for F-16 Fighter Aircraft by Using CGPC Method,” in 20th National Conference on Automatic Control (TOK 2018), Kayseri, Türkiye, Sep. 2018, pp. 58–64.
  • [42] “linmod.” Accessed: Nov. 16, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/simulink/slref/linmod.html
  • [43] A. Halder, K. Lee, and R. Bhattacharya, “Probabilistic Robustness Analysis of F-16 Controller Performance: An Optimal Transport Approach,” in 2013 American Control Conference, Washington, DC, USA: IEEE, 2013, pp. 5562–5567.
  • [44] D. Xue, Y. Chen, and D. P. Atherton, Linear Feedback Control: Analysis and Design with MATLAB, 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2007.
  • [45] “PID Tuner.” Accessed: Nov. 16, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/control/ref/pidtuner-app.html
  • [46] A. F. Ajami, “Adaptive Flight Control in the Presence of Input Constraints,” M.S. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA, 2005.
  • [47] N. T. Nguyen, Model-reference adaptive control, 1st ed. London, UK: Springer International Publishing, 2018.
  • [48] N. T. Nguyen and S. N. Balakrishnan, “Bi-objective optimal control modification adaptive control for systems with input uncertainty,” IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 423–434, 2014.

A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 770 - 789, 30.04.2025

Berk İnan , İbrahim Aliskan

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1595224

Abstract

Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) Terrain Following (TF) mode allows military aircraft to fly at a certain altitude above ground level at a low altitude. TF mode reduces the probability of aircraft detection by enemy airborne radars. TF mode minimizes the effort the pilot spends to control the aircraft and allows the pilot to focus on other tasks or missions. In this study, the F-16 nonlinear model is linearized around a selected equilibrium point. The state variables of the linear model are decomposed into state space matrices on the lateral and longitudinal axes. Three different control methods, namely PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative), LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator), and MRAC (Model Reference Adaptive Control), are used. The results show that the designed algorithms can effectively control the aircraft's altitude, speed, pitch angle, angle of attack, and pitch rate on the longitudinal axis and the aircraft flies in accordance with the terrain profile. Finally, it is observed that MRAC outperforms PID and LQR methods due to its adaptive capability.

Keywords

MRAC LQR PID Terrain Following AFCS F-16

Project Number

-

References

  • [1] A. Bongers and J. L. Torres, “Technological change in U.S. jet fighter aircraft,” Res Policy, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 1570–1581, Nov. 2014.
  • [2] I. Khademi, B. Maleki, and A. Nasseri Mood, “Optimal three dimensional Terrain Following/Terrain Avoidance for aircraft using direct transcription method,” in 2011 19th Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation (MED), Corfu, Greece, Jun. 2011, pp. 254–258.
  • [3] P. Lu and B. L. Pierson, “Optimal Aircraft Terrain Following Analysis and Trajectory Generation,” Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 555–560, 1995.
  • [4] V. H. Cheng and B. Sridhar, “Technologies for Automating Rotorcraft Nap-of-the-Earth Flight,” Journal of the American Helicopter Society, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 78–87, 1993.
  • [5] E. N. Johnson and J. G. Mooney, “A Comparison of Automatic Nap-of-the-earth Guidance Strategies for Helicopters,” J Field Robot, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 637–653, 2014.
  • [6] R. Strenzke, J. Uhrmann, A. Benzler, F. Maiwald, A. Rauschert, and A. Schulte, “Managing Cockpit Crew Excess Task Load in Military Manned-Unmanned Teaming Missions by Dual-Mode Cognitive Automation Approaches,” in AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Portland, OR, USA, Aug. 2011, p. 6237.
  • [7] F. Barfield, J. Probert, and D. Browning, “All Terrain Ground Collision Avoidance and Maneuvering Terrain Following for Automated Low Level Night Attack,” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 40–47, 1993.
  • [8] T. Fleck, “Flight Testing of the Autopilot and Terrain Following Radar System in the Tornado Aircraft,” in AIAA 2nd Flight Testing Conference, Las Vegas, NV, USA., Nov. 1983, p. 2770.
  • [9] R. F. Whitbeck and J. Wolkovitch, “Optimal Terrain Following Feedback Control for Advanced Cruise Missiles,” 1982.
  • [10] D. Qu, D. Yu, J. Cheng, and B. Lu, “On Terrain Following System with Fuzzy-PID Controller,” in IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, Yantai, China, Aug. 2014, pp. 497–501.
  • [11] W. Ahmed, Z. Li, H. Maqsood, and B. Anwar, “System Modeling and Controller Design for Lateral and Longitudinal Motion of F-16,” Automation, Control and Intelligent Systems, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 39–45, 2019.
  • [12] Vishal and J. Ohri, “GA tuned LQR and PID controller for aircraft pitch control,” in IEEE 6th India International Conference on Power Electronics (IICPE), Kurukshetra, India, Dec. 2014, pp. 1–6.
  • [13] M. R. Rahimi, S. Hajighasemi, and D. Sanaei, “Designing and Simulation for Vertical Moving Control of UAV System using PID, LQR and Fuzzy Logic,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 651–659, 2013.
  • [14] E. Lavretsky, R. Gadient, and I. M. Gregory, “Predictor-Based Model Reference Adaptive Control,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 1195–1201, Jun. 2010.
  • [15] S. Zhang, Y. Feng, and D. Zhang, “Application Research of MRAC in Fault-tolerant Flight Controller,” Procedia Eng, vol. 99, pp. 1089–1098, 2015.
  • [16] S. Syed, Z. Khan, M. Salman, and U. Ali, “Adaptive Flight Control of an Aircraft with Actuator Faults,” in IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Emerging Allied Technologies (ICREATE), Islamabad, Pakistan, 2014, pp. 249–254.
  • [17] Z. Lachini, A. Khosravi, and P. Sarhadi, “Model Reference Adaptive Control Based on Linear Quadratic Regulator for a Vehicle Lateral Dynamics,” International Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical and Computer Technology, vol. 4, no. 13, pp. 1726–1745, 2014.
  • [18] X. Wang, X. Chen, and L. Wen, “The LQR baseline with adaptive augmentation rejection of unmatched input disturbance,” Int J Control Autom Syst, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1302–1313, 2017.
  • [19] J. Roshanian and E. Rahimzadeh, “Novel Model Reference Adaptive Control with Application to Wing Rock Example,” Proc Inst Mech Eng G J Aerosp Eng, vol. 135, no. 13, pp. 1911–1929, 2021.
  • [20] P. Patre and S. M. Joshi, “Accommodating Sensor Bias in MRAC for State Tracking,” in AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Portland, OR, USA, Aug. 2011, p. 6605.
  • [21] J. Schaefer, C. Hanson, M. A. Johnson, and N. Nguyen, “Handling Qualities of Model Reference Adaptive Controllers with Varying Complexity for Pitch-Roll Coupled Failures,” in AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Portland, OR, USA, Aug. 2011, p. 6453.
  • [22] S. A. Jacklin, “Closing the Certification Gaps in Adaptive Flight Control Software,” in AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Honolulu, HI, USA, Aug. 2008, p. 6988.
  • [23] M. Norouzi and E. Caferov, “Investigating Dynamic Behavior and Control Systems of the F-16 Aircraft: Mathematical Modelling and Autopilot Design,” International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 75–86, 2023.
  • [24] C. Kim, C. Ji, G. Koh, and N. Choi, “Review on Flight Control Law Technologies of Fighter Jets for Flying Qualities,” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 209–236, 2023.
  • [25] L. Sonneveldt, Q. P. Chu, and J. A. Mulder, “Constrained Adaptive Backstepping Flight Control: Application to a Nonlinear F-16/MATV Model,” in AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit, 2006, p. 6413.
  • [26] T. Keviczky and G. J. Balas, “Receding horizon control of an F-16 aircraft: A comparative study,” Control Eng Pract, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1023–1033, 2006.
  • [27] S. Seshagiri and E. Promtun, “Sliding Mode Control of F-16 Longitudinal Dynamics,” in American Control Conference, Seattle, WA, USA, Jun. 2008, pp. 1770–1775.
  • [28] D. T. Ocaña, H.-S. Shin, and A. Tsourdos, “Development of a nonlinear reconfigurable f-16 model and flight control systems using multilayer adaptive neural networks,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 138–143, 2015.
  • [29] G. E. Ceballos Benavides, M. A. Duarte-Mermoud, M. E. Orchard, and A. Ehijo, “Enhancing the Pitch-Rate Control Performance of an F-16 Aircraft Using Fractional-Order Direct-MRAC Adaptive Control,” Fractal and Fractional, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 338, 2024.
  • [30] R. Russell, “Non-linear F-16 Simulation using Simulink and Matlab,” Version 1.0, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, Tech. Rep., Jun. 2003.
  • [31] B. L. Stevens, F. L. Lewis, and E. N. Johnson, Aircraft Control and Simulation, 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
  • [32] L. T. Nguyen, M. E. Ogburn, W. P. Gilbert, K. S. Kibler, P. W. Brown, and P. L. Deal, “Simulator Study of Stall/Post-Stall Characteristics of a Fighter Airplane with Relaxed Longitudinal Static Stability,” NASA Technical Paper 1538, vol. 12854, 1979.
  • [33] Y. Wei, H. Xu, and Y. Xue, “Adaptive Neural Networks-Based Dynamic Inversion Applied to Reconfigurable Flight Control and Envelope Protection under Icing Conditions,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 11577–11594, 2020.
  • [34] M. Sadeghi, A. Abaspour, and S. H. Sadati, “A novel integrated guidance and control system design in formation flight,” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 432–442, 2015.
  • [35] I. Necoara, L. Ferranti, and T. Keviczky, “An adaptive constraint tightening approach to linear model predictive control based on approximation algorithms for optimization,” Optim Control Appl Methods, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 648–666, Sep. 2015.
  • [36] M. R. Mortazavi and A. Naghash, “Pitch and flight path controller design for F-16 aircraft using combination of LQR and EA techniques,” Proc Inst Mech Eng G J Aerosp Eng, vol. 232, no. 10, pp. 1831–1843, Apr. 2018.
  • [37] Y. Zhu, J. Chen, B. Zhu, and K. Y. Qin, “Synchronised trajectory tracking for a network of MIMO non-minimum phase systems with application to aircraft control,” IET Control Theory & Applications, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 1543–1552, Jul. 2018.
  • [38] Z. Oreg, H. S. Shin, and A. Tsourdos, “Model identification adaptive control - Implementation case studies for a high manoeuvrability aircraft,” in 27th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, MED, Akko, Israel, Jul. 2019, pp. 559–564.
  • [39] O. Albostan, “Flight Control System Design of F-16 Aircraft using Robust Eigenstructure Assignment,” Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2017.
  • [40] J. C. Lagarias, J. Reeds, M. H. Wright, and P. E. Wright, “Convergence Properties of the Nelder-Mead Simplex Method in Low Dimensions,” SIAM Journal on Optimization, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 112–147, 1998.
  • [41] H. Aktan and H. Demircioğlu, “Speed and Altitude Hold Autopilot Design and Simulation for F-16 Fighter Aircraft by Using CGPC Method,” in 20th National Conference on Automatic Control (TOK 2018), Kayseri, Türkiye, Sep. 2018, pp. 58–64.
  • [42] “linmod.” Accessed: Nov. 16, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/simulink/slref/linmod.html
  • [43] A. Halder, K. Lee, and R. Bhattacharya, “Probabilistic Robustness Analysis of F-16 Controller Performance: An Optimal Transport Approach,” in 2013 American Control Conference, Washington, DC, USA: IEEE, 2013, pp. 5562–5567.
  • [44] D. Xue, Y. Chen, and D. P. Atherton, Linear Feedback Control: Analysis and Design with MATLAB, 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2007.
  • [45] “PID Tuner.” Accessed: Nov. 16, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/control/ref/pidtuner-app.html
  • [46] A. F. Ajami, “Adaptive Flight Control in the Presence of Input Constraints,” M.S. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA, 2005.
  • [47] N. T. Nguyen, Model-reference adaptive control, 1st ed. London, UK: Springer International Publishing, 2018.
  • [48] N. T. Nguyen and S. N. Balakrishnan, “Bi-objective optimal control modification adaptive control for systems with input uncertainty,” IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 423–434, 2014.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Control Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Berk İnan 0009-0007-0503-804X

İbrahim Aliskan 0000-0003-3901-4955

Project Number -
Publication Date April 30, 2025
Submission Date December 2, 2024
Acceptance Date January 16, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İnan, B., & Aliskan, İ. (2025). A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 13(2), 770-789. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1595224
AMA İnan B, Aliskan İ. A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System. DUBİTED. April 2025;13(2):770-789. doi:10.29130/dubited.1595224
Chicago İnan, Berk, and İbrahim Aliskan. “A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (April 2025): 770-89. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1595224.
EndNote İnan B, Aliskan İ (April 1, 2025) A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13 2 770–789.
IEEE B. İnan and İ. Aliskan, “A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System”, DUBİTED, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 770–789, 2025, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1595224.
ISNAD İnan, Berk - Aliskan, İbrahim. “A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13/2 (April 2025), 770-789. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1595224.
JAMA İnan B, Aliskan İ. A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System. DUBİTED. 2025;13:770–789.
MLA İnan, Berk and İbrahim Aliskan. “A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 2, 2025, pp. 770-89, doi:10.29130/dubited.1595224.
Vancouver İnan B, Aliskan İ. A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System. DUBİTED. 2025;13(2):770-89.
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